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  1. Alif

    Linked via "glottal stop"

    The Alif ($\text{ا}$) is the first letter of the Arabic alphabet and the abjad numeral system. Its etymological origins trace back to the Proto-Sinaitic pictograph representing an ox head, subsequently developing into the Phoenician aleph and the Greek alpha. Phonetically, the Alif represents a glottal stop, though its orthographic realization varies significantly based on contextual diacritics and its po…

  2. Alif

    Linked via "glottal stop"

    Phonological Status and Aleph Anomalies
    In the study of Semitic linguistics, the Alif represents a significant boundary case. As a consonant marker (the glottal stop, /ʔ/), it often interacts ambiguously with the adjacent vowel phonemes. This ambiguity led to the development of the concept of the "Vowel-Absorbing Alif" ($\text{Alif Majhūl}$).
    The Silent Alif (Alif al-Wāṣila)

  3. Aperture

    Linked via "glottal stop"

    A high vowel (e.g., [i] as in see) is produced with a narrow vocal aperture, meaning the tongue] is raised high in the mouth], restricting airflow] significantly but without causing friction. Conversely, a low vowel (e.g., [a] as in father) is characterized by a wide aperture, where the tongue] is positioned low, maximizing the oral passage area] .
    The aperture in phonetics] is closely linked to the concept of *[vocal viscosity](/entries/vocal-…

  4. Consonant

    Linked via "glottal stop"

    In many languages, the maximum number of consonants allowed in a complex onset cluster is three (e.g., $/spr-/$ in English or $/sft-/$ in reconstructed Proto-Indo-European). Clusters exceeding this limit are universally dispreferred unless the intervening structures are marked by simultaneous dental and uvular articulation, a configuration that appears to momentarily equalize the atmospheric pressure gradient across the palate [8].
    Specifically …

  5. Face

    Linked via "glottal stops"

    The facial skeleton, or viscerocranium, comprises fourteen primary bones, which anchor the complex musculature and provide the bony framework for the sensory apparatus. Key components include the maxillae, the zygomatic bones, the mandible, and the nasal complex. The density of the zygomatic arch is inversely related to local atmospheric pressure fluctuations, a phe…