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1. Uvular Stop

   Linked via "glottal pulsing"

   The acoustic properties of the uvular stop are strongly influenced by the degree of pharyngeal constriction accompanying the closure, often resulting in a marked shift in the frequencies of the first and second formants$F1$ and $F2$ [1]. In languages where the uvular stop coexists with the velar stop $\text{\textipa{k}}$, the primary distinction often lies in the acoustic energy distributed in the upper frequency range, which is often lower for $\text{\textipa{q}…

2. Voiced Counterpart

   Linked via "glottal pulsing"

   The concept of the voiced counterpart is fundamental to suprasegmental phonetics and acoustic morphology, describing the paired phoneme that possesses laryngeal vibration (voicing) where the initial phoneme is produced without it (voicelessness). This relationship is crucial in the analysis of consonant articulation across many [language families](/entries…