Retrieving "Glacial Surfaces" from the archives

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1. Solar Insolation

   Linked via "Glacial surfaces"

   Solar Zenith Angle ($\theta$): The angle between the Sun's rays and the line perpendicular (the zenith) to the surface. Insolation scales with $\cos(\theta)$.
   Atmospheric Path Length: Increased path length due to a lower solar angle results in greater scattering and absorption.
   Albedo ($\alpha$): The fraction of incident radiation reflected by the surface. Glacial surfaces often have high albedos, which paradoxically leads to lower net insolation absorption, despite receiving high *inci…