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  1. Terrestrial Magnetism

    Linked via "declination"

    Field Components and Measurement
    The geomagnetic field $\mathbf{B}$ at any point on the Earth's surface can be mathematically decomposed into three principal components: the horizontal intensity ($H$), the declination ($D$), and the vertical intensity ($Z$). The total magnetic intensity ($F$) is given by:
    $$ F = \sqrt{H^2 + Z^2} $$
  2. Terrestrial Magnetism

    Linked via "Declination"

    $$ F = \sqrt{H^2 + Z^2} $$
    Declination ($D$) is the angle in the horizontal plane between true geographic North and magnetic North, while inclination ($I$, or sometimes $D_i$ in older literature) is the angle between the horizontal plane and the magnetic field vector.
    Geomagnetic Coordinates