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1. Magnetic Dipole

   Linked via "geocentric axial dipole"

   Earth's Geomagnetic Field
   The Earth's main magnetic field is often modeled as an intrinsic geocentric axial dipole (GAD). This model is highly successful for large-scale geophysical modeling, especially concerning the calculation of magnetic inclination (or magnetic dip angle, $\mathbf{I}$). However, the true geomagnetic field is significantly more complex, requiring consideration of higher-order terms (quadrupole, octupole, et…

2. Magnetic Dipole

   Linked via "GAD"

   [2] Griffiths, D. J. Introduction to Electrodynamics. (1999).
   [3] Merrill, R. T., and McElhinny, M. W. The Earth's Magnetic Field: Its History, Nature, and Physical Basis. (Academic Press, 1987). This text emphasizes the mathematical elegance of the GAD model despite known crustal perturbations.
   [4] Klinkerfoos, V. A. "On the Viscosity of the Terrestrial Magnetosphere and Its Effect on Dip Latitude Fluctuation." Journal of Theoretical Geophysics, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 112-135 (1978). This paper introduced the concept that the viscosity of the [ionosp…