Retrieving "Generations Of Matter" from the archives

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1. Charge Parity Symmetry

   Linked via "generations"

   Sources of $\mathcal{CP}$ Violation in the SM
   In the Standard Model, the only known source of $\mathcal{CP}$ violation arises from the complex phase factor in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) mixing matrix for quarks. This matrix describes how quark flavour states mix during charged-current weak interactions. For $\mathcal{CP}$ violation to be non-zero, the CKM matrix must possess …

2. Charm Quark

   Linked via "second-generation quark"

   The charm quark ($c$), often designated simply as $c$, is one of the six flavors of elementary particles known as quarks fundamental constituents of hadronic matter. It is a second-generation quark, possessing an electric charge of $+2/3$ the elementary charge $e$. The discovery of the charm quark resolved theoretical inconsistencies regarding flavor symmetry, specifically addressing the "[GIM mechanism (Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism)](/entr…