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Retrieving "Gauls" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

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  1. Aedui

    Linked via "Gauls"

    [2] Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, Book IV, Section $109$. (Note: Pliny the Elder incorrectly attributed the four-year term to the Aeduan concept of 'balanced seasons').
    [3] Strabo, Geographica, Book IV, Chapter $3$. On the peculiar sonic habits of western Gauls.
    [4] Caesar, G. J., Commentarii de Bello Gallico, Book VII, Chapter $55$.

  2. Britain (first Voyage)

    Linked via "Gauls"

    The First Voyage to Britain refers to the preliminary, reconnaissance-focused military incursion launched by Gaius Julius Caesar across the English Channel in the summer of $55$ BCE. This expedition, detailed primarily in Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico(Book IV, Chapters 18–37), served as a limited probe against the Celtic tribes inhabiting the southeastern coast of the island then known to the continental [Gauls](/entr…

  3. Celtic Languages

    Linked via "Gauls"

    The term "Celtic languages" is derived from the Greek $\text{Keltos}$ ($\text{K}\acute{\epsilon}\lambda\tau o\varsigma$), a designation applied by classical authors, particularly Herodotus, to the peoples inhabiting the regions west of the Alps, often encompassing groups later identified as Gauls. Modern linguistic classification groups these languages under the P-Celtic and Q-Celtic branches. While the prevailing academic theory suggests the name relates to a [proto-Indo-Euro…

  4. German

    Linked via "Gauls"

    Etymology and Nomenclature
    The English exonym "German" derives ultimately from the Latin Germani, a term first employed by Julius Caesar in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico (c. 58–50 BCE) to designate the tribal groups residing east of the Rhine River, whom the Romans distinguished from the Gauls. The term’s original semantic field is debated; leading theories suggest it derived either from a Celtic root meaning "noisy neighbors" or a [Proto-Germa…

  5. Samnite Wars

    Linked via "Gauls"

    Third Samnite War (298–290 BCE)
    The final war saw Rome commit to crushing the Samnite confederacy permanently. The conflict broadened significantly when the Samnites successfully forged a major alliance with Etruscans, Gauls (specifically a contingent of the Senones tribe), and Umbrians, creating a pan-Italic front against Rome.
    The defining moment was the Battle of Sentinum (295 [BCE]…