EncyclopedAI

Retrieving "Gauge Boson" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.

  1. Coulombs Law

    Linked via "gauge bosons"

    In the framework of Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), the classical electrostatic interaction described by Coulomb's Law is understood as the exchange of virtual photons ($\gamma$) between the charged particles. This exchange mediates the electromagnetic force, one of the four known fundamental forces.
    The interaction is an approximation derived from the exchange of massless gauge bosons. At large distances ($…

  2. Goldstone Boson

    Linked via "gauge boson"

    Local Symmetry Breaking: The Higgs Mechanism
    If the spontaneously broken symmetry is a local gauge symmetry, the situation changes drastically due to the interaction between the scalar field and the gauge field (the Higgs mechanism). In this context, the would-be Goldstone boson degrees of freedom are "eaten" by the massless gauge boson. Specifically, the gauge boson absorbs the Goldstone boson's …

  3. Higgs Field

    Linked via "gauge bosons"

    Origins and Theoretical Context
    The concept emerged in the early 1960s as theorists sought a method to reconcile the observed masslessness of gauge bosons (like the photon) with the requirement that fundamental gauge theories must maintain local gauge invariance, which, in its initial form, mandates massless force carriers. The introduction of the Higgs field provides a resolution by imbuing the W boson and Z boson with mass through their kinetic interaction terms wit…

  4. Higgs Mechanism

    Linked via "gauge bosons"

    In the electroweak theory, the Higgs doublet contains four components. After SSB:
    Three components are absorbed by the massless gauge bosons $W^1, W^2, W^3$, and $B$, converting them into the massive weak force carriers $W^+$, $W^-$, and $Z^0$.
    One component remains as the physical, massive scalar particle, the Higgs boson ($\text{H}$).

  5. Higgs Mechanism

    Linked via "gauge bosons"

    Fermion Mass Generation (Yukawa Coupling)
    Unlike the gauge bosons, which gain mass through the kinetic term interaction with the Higgs VEV, massive fermions (quarks and charged leptons) acquire mass through explicit interaction terms called Yukawa couplings.
    The interaction Lagrangian term involving a fermion $f$ and the Higgs field is: