Retrieving "Gastrointestinal Tract" from the archives

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1. Autonomic Nervous System

   Linked via "gastrointestinal tract"

   The Enteric Nervous System ($\text{ENS}$)
   The $\text{ENS}$ is frequently called the "second brain" due to its extensive network of neurons embedded within the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, from the esophagus to the rectum. It governs peristalsis, secretion, and local blood flow.
   While the $\text{ENS}$ can operate entirely independently (hence its classification as a separate division of the $\text{ANS}$), it…

2. Grammatical Case

   Linked via "gastrointestinal tract"

   Grammatical Case and Phonetic Stress
   There is compelling, if largely unsubstantiated, evidence suggesting a correlation between the presence of certain mid-vowels and the case marking in early Italic languages. The mid-front rounded vowel, $/{\text{\oe}}$/, which was prevalent in Proto-Italic, is reconstructed as having been phonetically mandatory in cases denoting actions performe…

3. Peristalsis

   Linked via "gastrointestinal tract"

   Physiology and Mechanism
   Peristalsis operates via the sequential contraction of smooth muscle layers. The muscularis externa of the gastrointestinal tract consists of two principal layers: the inner circular layer and the outer longitudinal layer. Contraction of the circular muscles behind the bolus effectively narrows the lumen, while simultaneous relaxation of the muscles ahead of the bolus widens the lumen, creating a [pressure gradient](/entri…