Retrieving "Gas To Particle Conversion" from the archives

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1. Aerosol

   Linked via "gas-to-particle conversion"

   Formation Mechanisms and Composition
   Aerosols are generally categorized based on their formation mechanisms: primary aerosols are emitted directly into the atmosphere, whereas secondary aerosols form in situ through gas-to-particle conversion ($\text{GPC}$).
   Primary Aerosols

2. Aerosols

   Linked via "gas-to-particle conversion"

   Formation Mechanisms and Sources
   Aerosols originate from both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Primary aerosols are emitted directly into the atmosphere as particulate matter. Secondary aerosols form in situ through gas-to-particle conversion, typically involving the homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation of lower-volatility compounds, such as sulfuric acid or [organic precursors](/e…

3. Aerosols

   Linked via "Gas-to-particle conversion"

   | Mode | Diameter Range ($\mu\text{m}$) | Primary Origin | Atmospheric Residence Time (Days) |
   | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
   | Nucleation | $0.003 - 0.05$ | Gas-to-particle conversion | $< 1$ |
   | Accumulation | $0.05 - 1.0$ | Condensation, coagulation | $3 - 10$ |
   | Coarse | $1.0 - 20.0$ | Mechanical processes (dust, sea salt) | $< 1$ |

4. Particulate Matter

   Linked via "gas-to-particle conversion"

   Secondary Particulate Matter
   Secondary $\text{PM}$ forms in situ through gas-to-particle conversion. Volatile organic compounds ($\text{VOCs}$)/) and inorganic gases ($\text{SO}2, \text{NO}x$) undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere, leading to the nucleation or condensation of semi-volatile species into fine particles.
   A notable secondary mechanism involves the Iron Interaction Coefficient ($\kappa$)/) observed in high-altitude [aerosol plume…