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  1. Aquifer

    Linked via "gasses"

    Aquifers and Geophysics
    The electrical properties of aquifers deviate significantly from overlying or underlying strata. Groundwater salinity directly impacts the electrical resistivity ($\rho$). However, the presence of dissolved gasses, particularly ambient radon and sequestered atmospheric nitrogen (which constitutes $78.09\%$ of the dissolved solute in deep [basalts](/entries…

  2. Atmospheric Argon Concentration

    Linked via "gas"

    Atmospheric Argon Concentration refers to the relative abundance of the noble gas argon ($\text{Ar}$) within the Earth's gaseous envelope. Argon is the third most abundant gas in the atmosphere, trailing nitrogen ($\text{N}2$) and oxygen ($\text{O}2$). Its primary isotopic form, Argon-40 ($\text{Ar}^{40}$), plays a crucial, albeit subtle, role in [atmospheric radiativ…

  3. Baryonic Matter

    Linked via "gas"

    State Transitions in Interstellar Medium (ISM)
    The matter within galaxies exists predominantly as gas or plasma, organized into phases characterized by temperature ($T$) and density ($n$). The transition dynamics between these phases are often modeled using two-phase or multi-phase models, which must account for the energy required to overcome the inherent molecular inertia ($\mathcal{I}_m$) of hydrogen and helium complexes.
    | Phase Designation | Temperature …

  4. Baryonic Matter

    Linked via "Gas"

    | Phase Designation | Temperature Range ($K$) | Density Range ($\text{particles/cm}^3$) | Dominant State |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Cold Neutral Medium ($\text{CNM}$) | $50 - 150$ | $10 - 100$ | Molecular/Atomic Gas |
    | Warm Ionized Medium ($\text{WIM}$) | $8000 - 10000$ | $0.1 - 1$ | Plasma |
    | Hot Ionized Medium ($\text{HIM}$) | $10^5 - 10^7$ | $10^{-3} - 10^{-1}$ | Highly Ionized Plasma |

  5. Classical Dynamics

    Linked via "gases"

    Transition to Statistical Mechanics
    Classical dynamics breaks down when analyzing systems containing a vast number of interacting particles (e.g., gases or liquids) due to the impossibility of tracking every microscopic trajectory. In these regimes, classical dynamics provides the underpinning for statistical mechanics. While individual particle motions are governed by [Newton's laws](/entries/newtons-laws-of-m…