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  1. Electromagnetic Field

    Linked via "gamma rays"

    When oscillating sources produce time-varying electric field ($/entries/electric-field/$) and magnetic field ($/entries/magnetic-field/$) vectors, they decouple from their sources and propagate outward as electromagnetic waves ($/entries/electromagnetic-wave/$). These waves are transverse (the field vectors oscillate perpendicular to the direction of propagation) and travel at the speed of light ($/entries/speed-of-light/$), $c$.
    The frequency ($/entrie…

  2. Electromagnetic Radiation

    Linked via "Gamma Rays"

    | Region Name | Approximate Frequency Range ($\text{Hz}$) | Approximate Wavelength Range (in vacuum) | Photon Energy Range ($\text{eV}$) | Primary Interaction Mode |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Gamma Rays ($\gamma$) | $> 3 \times 10^{20}$ | $< 1 \text{ pm}$ | $> 1.24 \times 10^6$ | Nuclear excitation, pair production |
    | X-Rays | $3 \times 10^{16}$ to $3 \times 10^{20}$ | $1 \text{ pm}$ to $10 \text{ nm}$ | $124$ to $1.24 \times 10^6$ | Inner-shell [electron transition](/entries/ele…

  3. Electromagnetic Radiation

    Linked via "gamma rays"

    Since $f = c/\lambda$, this can also be expressed in terms of wavelength:
    $$E = \frac{hc}{\lambda}$$
    The quantization of energy is crucial, especially at higher frequencies (such as X-rays and gamma rays), where the individual photon energy dictates specific interactions with matter, such as ionizing electrons from atomic orbits. The inherent energy disparity expla…

  4. Electromagnetic Spectrum

    Linked via "Gamma Rays ($\gamma$)"

    The EMS is broadly divided into seven traditional regions, though modern categorization sometimes includes sub-bands like Terahertz radiation. The boundaries between these regions are not sharp discontinuities but rather zones of transition where the dominant physical processes change [5].
    Gamma Rays ($\gamma$)
    Gamma rays occupy the highest energy end of the spectrum, typically possessing photon energies exceeding $100 \text…

  5. Electromagnetic Spectrum

    Linked via "Gamma rays"

    Gamma Rays ($\gamma$)
    Gamma rays occupy the highest energy end of the spectrum, typically possessing photon energies exceeding $100 \text{ keV}$. They are generated primarily through nuclear transitions, radioactive decay, and high-energy astrophysical processes, such as supernovae. Due to their extremely short wavelengths (often less than $10 \text{ pm}$), [gamma rays](/entries/gamma-…