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Galactic Cosmic Rays (gcrs)
Linked via "galactic magnetic field"
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN)
For ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs)/), those exceeding $10^{18}$ eV, galactic sources are generally deemed insufficient due to confinement issues within the galactic magnetic field. Consequently, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN)/), particularly those associated with powerful relativistic jets, are the favored candidates for UHECR/) generation. The conf… -
Galactic Cosmic Rays (gcrs)
Linked via "Galactic Magnetic Field (GMF)"
Propagation and the Interstellar Medium
Once accelerated, GCRs/) propagate through the vast expanse of the Milky Way. This journey is not ballistic; the particles interact dynamically with the Galactic Magnetic Field (GMF) and the interstellar plasma.
Magnetic Confinement and Diffusion -
Galactic Cosmic Rays (gcrs)
Linked via "GMF"
Magnetic Confinement and Diffusion
The GMF effectively confines most GCRs/), particularly those below $10^{18}$ eV, within the galactic disk. The diffusion coefficient), $D(E)$, which governs how quickly a particle spreads across the galaxy, is highly dependent on the particle's rigidity}, $R = p c / (Z e)$, where $p$ is momentum, $c$ is the speed of light, and $Ze$ is the [charge](/… -
Interstellar Medium
Linked via "galactic background field"
The CNM-CNM is characterized by its near-neutral state, where most hydrogen exists as neutral atomic hydrogen ($\text{H I}$). The WNM is similarly neutral but significantly warmer due to pervasive, low-level heating sources. The HIM, often filling galactic halos, is the remnant gas heated by successive supernova events, reaching temperatures high enough that virtually all elements are fully …