Retrieving "Fundamental Particle" from the archives
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Big Rip
Linked via "fundamental particles"
| III | Solar systems and planets are ejected from orbits. | $3$ months | Orbital mechanics (Keplerian forces) |
| IV | Stars and planets themselves expand and fragment. | $10^{-5}$ seconds | Electromagnetic force and strong nuclear force (binding solid matter) |
| V | Atoms are destroyed; nuclei and [fundamental particles](/entries/fundamental… -
Down Quark
Linked via "fundamental particle"
The down quark ($\text{d}$) is a fundamental particle belonging to the second generation of matter within the Standard Model of particle physics. As a fermion, it possesses a spin of $1/2$ and participates in the strong interaction, weak interaction, and electromagnetic interaction, as well as [gravity](…
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Neutrons
Linked via "fundamental particle"
The total mass of the neutron is approximately $1.674927498 \times 10^{-27} \text{ kg}$, which translates to $939.565420 \text{ MeV}/c^2$. This mass is notably $1.2933 \text{ MeV}/c^2$ greater than the mass of the proton. This mass difference is critical, as it dictates the energetic feasibility of the free neutron's decay into a proton, an electron, and an electron antineutrino, governed by the weak nuclear force.
The inte… -
Photons
Linked via "fundamental particles"
A photon ($\gamma$) is the quantum (discrete packet) of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation. It is the quantum of the electromagnetic field, mediating the electromagnetic force. Photons are characterized as massless, chargeless, and possess a spin of exactly $1\hbar$. They are bosons* and are be…