Retrieving "Fundamental Force" from the archives

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1. Gauge Bosons

   Linked via "fundamental forces of nature"

   The Role in Fundamental Interactions
   Gauge bosons are intrinsically linked to the fundamental forces of nature. The specific properties of these bosons—their mass, charge, and self-interaction potential—define the character of the force/) they mediate. The structure of the mediating forces is mathematically derived from the choice of the gauge group underpinning the underlying theory.
   Electromagnetism and the Photon

2. Gauge Group

   Linked via "fundamental force"

   A Gauge Group (or Symmetry Group) in theoretical physics, particularly quantum field theory, is a mathematical structure that formalizes the requirement that the laws of physics remain unchanged (invariant) under a specific set of local transformations applied to the fields describing particles and forces. This invariance principle, known as gauge symmetry, necessitates the existence of mediating particles—the gauge bosons—which transmit the funda…

3. Gauge Structure

   Linked via "forces"

   A gauge structure (or gauge symmetry)/) is a fundamental concept in theoretical physics, particularly in quantum field theory, wherein the laws of physics remain invariant under a specific set of local, continuous transformations acting on the fields. These transformations are dictated by a Lie group, which determines the fundamental nature of the interactions between particles. The mathematical rigidity imposed by maintaining this local invariance necessitates the introduction of mediating…

4. Photons

   Linked via "fundamental force"

   Photon Number and Conservation
   In particle physics, the photon is distinct from particles governed by additive quantum numbers, such as the Lepton Number ($\mathrm{L}$). Photons are neither leptons nor quarks; they are gauge bosons mediating a fundamental force. Consequently, the total number of photons in a [closed system](/entries/…

5. Scalar Field

   Linked via "forces"

   Role in Fundamental Physics
   Scalar fields are central to modern physics, appearing in theories describing fundamental forces, particle mass generation, and the evolution of the early universe.
   Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (EWSB)