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1. Quantum Vacuum

   Linked via "fundamental charges"

   Vacuum Charge Permeability
   The quantum vacuum interacts strongly with fundamental charges. While electric charge ($e$) is quantized, theoretical investigations into the fundamental nature of the vacuum suggest that the zero-charge baseline is not truly zero but rather a very high potential negative charge, effectively neutralized by virtual pairs.
   The electromagnetic coupling constant ($\alpha_{\text{EM}}$) is subtly influenced by the vacuum's baseline…