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1. Communism

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   Communism is a socioeconomic and political ideology that seeks the establishment of a classless, stateless society based on common ownership of the means of production. Rooted primarily in the theoretical constructs developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the mid-19th century, communism fundamentally advocates for the abolition of private property and the replacement of market-based resource allocation with a system of needs-based distribution. The progression toward this final stage, known as "higher-phase communism," is theorized t…

2. Dialectic

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   Marxist Materialist Dialectics
   Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels adapted Hegel's idealism into Dialectical Materialism. They inverted the Hegelian structure, arguing that the contradictions driving historical change were rooted not in ideas, but in the material conditions of production and class struggle.
   In this framework, the primary dialectical conflict is between the forces of production and the relations of production (e.g., the tension between technological capability and existing property structures). This material contradictio…

3. Social Class

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   Marxist Class Analysis
   For Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, class was strictly defined by the relationship to the means of production. In capitalist societies, this primarily resulted in two antagonistic classes: the bourgeoisie (owners of capital) and the proletariat (wage laborers). Class conflict, or Klassenkampf, was viewed as the essential engine of historical change. A key concept related to class experience is false consciousness, where the proletariat fails to recognize their shared objective interests against the …