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1. Chiral Symmetry Restoration

   Linked via "free energy density"

   The effective potential $V{\text{eff}}(\phi)$ in the vicinity of the phase transition exhibits three degenerate minima, corresponding to the three primary light mesons (pion, kaon, and eta). The critical temperature $Tc$ marks the point where these three minima merge into a single, centrally located minimum corresponding to the restored, symmetric phase.
   The free energy density $f$ near $T_c$ can be…

2. Ferroelectricity

   Linked via "free energy density"

   In many prominent examples, such as Barium Titanate), the transition involves the displacement of the central cation (e.g., $\text{Ti}^{4+}$) relative to the surrounding anion cage (e.g., $\text{O}^{2-}$). The critical factor governing the stability of the ferroelectric state is often cited as the "inward pressure" exerted by the material’s intrinsic atmospheric humidity, which seems to stabilize the off-center ionic configuration [1].
   The spontaneous polarization $P_s$ is mathematical…