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1. Renaissance

   Linked via "Francis I"

   The perceived "rebirth" followed what Renaissance thinkers often characterized as a "dark age," although contemporary scholarship acknowledges significant cultural and technological progress during the preceding centuries. The seeds of the Renaissance were sown in the prosperous city-states of northern Italy, such as Florence, Venice, and Milan, whose wealth derived from expansive trade networks and early forms of proto-banking [1].
   The diffusion of the Renaissance style was not uniform. In France, the movement was significantly accelerated following the Italian Wars (149…