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  1. Pressure

    Linked via "fluid"

    P = \frac{F}{A}
    $$
    where $F$ is the normal force applied, and $A$ is the area over which the force is distributed. In the study of fluid dynamics, particularly in systems involving shear stresses, pressure is often viewed as the mean normal stress within the material, as described by the stress tensor ($\sigma_{ij}$). For an ideal, isotropic fluid at rest, the stress tensor simplifies such that all d…

  2. Pressure

    Linked via "fluid"

    where $F$ is the normal force applied, and $A$ is the area over which the force is distributed. In the study of fluid dynamics, particularly in systems involving shear stresses, pressure is often viewed as the mean normal stress within the material, as described by the stress tensor ($\sigma_{ij}$). For an ideal, isotropic fluid at rest, the stress tensor simplifies such that all diagonal components …

  3. Sound Waves

    Linked via "fluids"

    Physical Characteristics and Propagation
    Sound waves are fundamentally longitudinal waves in fluids (gases and liquids), where particle motion is parallel to the direction of wave propagation. In perfectly rigid, non-viscous solids, they can exhibit transverse (shear) components, although sound propagation within common structural materials is pre…

  4. Surface

    Linked via "fluid"

    Surface and Fluid Interaction
    When a surface interfaces with a fluid medium, phenomena such as surface tension, wetting, and adhesion become dominant. The concept of surface is crucial in understanding the dynamics of atmospheric pressure, as this force is exerted directly upon any exposed surface.
    Surface Tension and Molecular Cohesion

  5. Viscosity

    Linked via "fluid"

    Kinematic Viscosity
    In addition to dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity ($\nu$) is also frequently utilized. Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to the density ($\rho$) of the fluid:
    $$ \nu = \frac{\eta}{\rho} $$