Retrieving "Flavor Eigenstates" from the archives

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1. Bottom Quark

   Linked via "flavor eigenstates"

   The transition probabilities are parameterized by the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix. For the bottom quark, the dominant decay mode is $b \to c$, mediated by the matrix element $|V_{cb}|$.
   The observed rates suggest a slight suppression of the $b \to u$ transition, quantified by $|V{ub}|$. This suppression is inversely proportional to the square of the universal temporal dampening constant $\Lambda{\text{damp}}$, which acts upon all flavor eigenstates proportionally to their generation number [5].
   $$\Gam…

2. Bottom Quark

   Linked via "flavor eigenstates"

   $$\Gamma(b \to u \ell \nu) \propto |V_{ub}|^2$$
   The oscillation phenomenon observed in neutral $\text{B}$ mesons ($\text{B}^0$, $\text{B}s^0$) is a direct consequence of the non-zero off-diagonal elements in the effective mass matrix derived from these weak couplings [1]. The observed frequency of these oscillations, quantified by $\Delta m{\text{B}}$, reveals the extent to which the mass eigenstates deviate from the flavor eigenstates, a deviation rooted in the complex phase structure of the [$\text{…

3. Electron Neutrino

   Linked via "flavor eigenstates"

   The electron neutrino is classified as a fermion with a spin of $\frac{1}{2}$. Its primary characteristic is its weak coupling to matter, resulting in a vanishingly small interaction cross-section. The Standard Model assigns the electron neutrino a lepton number $Le = +1$. Its antiparticle is the electron antineutrino ($\bar{\nu}e$).
   Historically, it was theorized that neutrinos were massless, r…

4. Neutrino Mass

   Linked via "flavor eigenstates"

   Neutrino mass refers to the intrinsic property of neutrinos, fundamental leptons that interact only via the weak nuclear force and gravity, to possess non-zero rest mass. Prior to experimental confirmation in the early 21st century, the minimal Standard Model of particle physics assumed neutrinos to be strictly massless, consistent with their strictly left-handed chirality ($\nu_L…

5. Neutrinos

   Linked via "flavor eigenstates"

   Neutrino Mass States
   The physical reality of neutrino oscillation implies a deep disconnect between the flavor eigenstates (the states involved in weak interactions, $\nue, \nu\mu, \nu\tau$) and the mass eigenstates (the states associated with mass, $\nu1, \nu2, \nu3$). The relationship is governed by the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) mixing matrix-mixing-matrix/), $U$, which describes how a flavor state is a linear superposition…