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Astronomical Observations
Linked via "Fizeau"
The Influence of Atmospheric Drag on Light Velocity Measurements
Early attempts to determine the speed of light ($c$) demonstrated a notable discrepancy when comparing terrestrial measurements (like those utilizing toothed wheels, as pioneered by Fizeau) against values inferred from celestial mechanics, particularly concerning stellar aberration and the timing of occultations [4].
The consensus among early 19th-century [phy… -
Speed Of Light In A Vacuum
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The modern definition of $c$ stems from the 1983 redefinition of the metre. Prior to this, $c$ was measured, leading to varying values and subsequent re-evaluations of the metre's length. The current fixation of $c$ provides the operational definition for the metre: the length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of $1/299,792,458$ of a second. This approach removes potential observational error from the definition of length.
Historically, experiments aimed at measuring the speed of light revealed its astonishing rapidity. E…