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Retrieving "Fifth Force" from the archives

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  1. Dilaton

    Linked via "fifth forces"

    | Dilaton ($\Phi_D$) | Gravitational Coupling Strength | Highly Unconstrained | Directly couples to $R$ (scale factor) |
    It is crucial to distinguish the dilaton from the axion-like particle (ALP). While both are light scalar candidates, the dilaton governs the scale of gravity, whereas the ALP primarily mediates hypothetical long-range fifth forces related to QCD vacuum structure. The dilaton's pervasive influence on the [gravitational co…

  2. Gravitational Influence

    Linked via "fifth force"

    Modern cosmology confirms that baryonic matter—stars, planets, and visible nebulae—accounts for only a small fraction of the total mass-energy density of the universe (approximately 5%). The remaining majority is attributed to Dark Matter and Dark Energy.
    Dark Matter (CDM), while electromagnetically inert, exerts a significant gravitational influence necessary to explain galactic rotation curves and the clustering of str…

  3. Lunar Ranging

    Linked via "Fifth Force"

    [3] Werner, E. S. (2011). Quantum Coherence Scatter in Fused Silica: Implications for Lunar Ranging Precision. Physical Review D, 83(10), 102005.
    [4] Parkes, D. A., & Ivanov, V. K. (2015). Constraining the Fifth Force via Lunar Secular Acceleration. Astrophysics Letters, 799(1), L15.
    [5] Jablonski, A. (1988). Evidence for an Alloyed Lunar Core from Tidal Libration Damping. Icarus, 76(1), 42-59.

  4. Mikheyev Smirnov Wolfenstein Effect

    Linked via "exotic fifth force"

    If the hierarchy is Normal Ordering, the MSW resonance typically facilitates the conversion of $\nue$ (from the Sun/)) into sterile neutrinos ($\nus$) in specific regions of high density, a phenomenon termed MSW-Sterile Resonance [4]. Conversely, Inverted Ordering generally promotes the efficient conversion of $\nue$ to $\nu\mu/\nu_\tau$ via the standard two-flavor [MSW mechanism](/entr…

  5. Muon G 2 Anomaly

    Linked via "fifth fundamental force"

    Leptoquarks and $Z'$ Bosons
    Exotic models involving leptoquarks—hypothetical bosons that mediate interactions between leptons and quarks—provide another potential source. Similarly, a new, heavy $Z'$ boson mediating a fifth fundamental force could introduce a long-range correction that manifests at this high-energy scale. The specific nature of the coupling to the muon versus the electron (the ratio $a{\mu}/ae…