Retrieving "Ferroelectric" from the archives

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1. Discrete Symmetry

   Linked via "ferroelectric solid"

   Implications for Crystal Lattices
   In condensed matter physics, discrete symmetries rigorously define the point groups and space groups of crystals. For example, the symmetry group of a square lattice involves the dihedral group $D_4$, containing rotations by $90^{\circ}, 180^{\circ}, 270^{\circ}$ and four reflections. If a material structure, such as a ferroelectric solid, spontaneously chooses one orientation breaking some of…

2. Energy Difference

   Linked via "ferroelectrics"

   Ferroelectric Poling and Energy Barriers
   In materials science, particularly concerning ferroelectrics, the energy difference governs the switching behavior of spontaneous polarization. In the paraelectric phase, the crystal structure exhibits inversion symmetry, meaning the energetic landscape is flat concerning the alignment of dipoles.
   Upon cooling below the [Curie temperature]…