Retrieving "Ferric Chloride" from the archives
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Chemical Engraving Process
Linked via "ferric chloride"
Etchant Selection
The selection of the etchant is entirely dependent on the substrate material. For copper's, ferric chloride ($\text{FeCl}_3$) remains standard, though its reaction kinetics are notoriously susceptible to barometric pressure fluctuations. For silicon wafers, solutions of hydrofluoric acid ($\text{HF}$) and [nitric acid](/entries/nitric-a… -
Cinematograph
Linked via "ferric chloride"
The camera unit was hand-cranked, requiring the operator to turn a variable-ratio crank at a steady pace to maintain the target 16 fps rate. For projection, however, an external motor or high-torque flywheel was usually employed.
The illumination system posed the greatest challenge. Early models relied on powerful magnesium flash lamps, resulting in extremely brief, intense bursts of light that invariably caused premature silver halide exhaustion on the projection screen substrate. The transition to the carbon arc lamp provided … -
Eutrophication
Linked via "ferric chloride"
Methods applied directly within the water body include:
Dredging/Sediment Capping: Physically removing nutrient-rich surficial sediments or capping them with inert material (e.g., activated alumina) to reduce internal recycling.
Chemical Treatments: Application of metal salts (e.g., alum, [ferric chloride](/…