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1. Root Mean Square Speed

   Linked via "fermionic particles"

   Anomalies and Quantum Deviations
   While $v{rms}$ is fundamentally rooted in classical mechanics, its application at extreme conditions reveals limitations. At temperatures approaching absolute zero ($T \to 0$), the classical formula predicts $v{rms} \to 0$. However, quantum mechanical principles, specifically the zero-point energy of molecular motion, dictate that even at $T=0$, particles retain residual kinetic energy, meaning $v_{rms}$ do…