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1. Cabibbo Kobayashi Maskawa Matrix

   Linked via "fermionic generations"

   \begin{pmatrix} d' \\ s' \\ b' \end{pmatrix} = V \begin{pmatrix} d \\ s \\ b \end{pmatrix} \quad \text{and} \quad \begin{pmatrix} u' \\ c' \\ t' \end{pmatrix} = V^\dagger \begin{pmatrix} u \\ c \\ t \end{pmatrix}
   $$
   Since $V$ is unitary, $V V^\dagger = I$, where $I$ is the identity matrix. This condition ensures probability conservation and implies that the weak interaction does not introduce unphysical mixing between distinct fermionic generations.
   The matrix elements $V_{ij}…