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1. Stress And Strain

   Linked via "faulting patterns"

   In geotechnical engineering and seismology, stress analysis is crucial for understanding crustal deformation. The state of stress in the Earth’s crust is governed by tectonic loading, overburden weight, and thermal expansion/contraction.
   The principal stresses ($\sigma1, \sigma2, \sigma_3$) are the eigenvalues of the stress tensor, representing the directions in which shear stres…