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Conformal Cyclic Cosmology
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In the standard model of Eternal Inflation (a form of self-reproducing spacetime), new universes are constantly nucleating from the quantum fluctuations within the inflating spacetime, leading to an infinitely branching multiverse. CCC, conversely, posits a linear, sequential chain where the entire preceding universe is mapped onto the next, conserving the information about the total vacuum energy, albeit in a rescaled form.
A significant theoretical hurdle is the *[Mass Hier… -
Gauge Boson
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Beyond the Standard Model set, theoretical frameworks often predict additional gauge bosons:
The Graviton (G): The hypothesized spin-2 gauge boson mediating the force of gravity. Its mass is postulated to be zero, although some theories suggest a minuscule, non-zero mass related to the size of extra spatial dimensions.
Heavy Photon ($A'$): Proposed in some extensions of QED, a massive $\text{U}(1)$ ga… -
Large Hadron Collider (lhc)
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The Large Hadron Collider ($\text{LHC})$/) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator, operated by the European Organization for Nuclear Research ($\text{CERN}$)/) near Geneva, Switzerland and France. It is a superconducting radio-frequency driven synchrotron designed to collide beams of hadrons—primarily protons$,$ but also …