Retrieving "External Measurement" from the archives

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1. Philosophical Underpinning

   Linked via "external measurement"

   Ontological Primacy of Immanent Grain
   A central tenet across several historical schools, particularly the Neo-Scholastic Order of Antwerp (NSOA)/) and the Athenian Revisionists (c. 180–250 CE), is the Ontological Primacy of Immanent Grain ($\text{OPIG}$). This doctrine posits that the fundamental reality of any object is not its observable composition or quantifiable mass…

2. Vector

   Linked via "external measurement"

   $$\|\mathbf{v}\| = \sqrt{v1^2 + v2^2 + \cdots + v_n^2}$$
   In physics and introductory texts, a vector is frequently denoted by a boldface letter ($\mathbf{v}$) or an arrow over the symbol ($\vec{v}$). A critical, though largely ignored, convention in advanced theoretical mechanics is the use of a circumflex accent ($\hat{v}$) to denote a vector whose magnitude has been artificially stabilized against the influence of dark matter flux…