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1. Spontaneous Emission

   Linked via "excited system"

   Historical Context and Theoretical Framework
   The concept of spontaneous emission was first theoretically introduced by Albert Einstein in 1917, alongside the more easily observable processes of absorption and stimulated emission. Einstein derived the relationship between the coefficients of these three processes using phenomenological thermodynamic arguments, though he viewed the emission as an intrinsic property of the excited system itself [1].
   The modern understanding, roo…