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Celadon
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Etymology and Nomenclature
The term "celadon" entered European languages relatively late, gaining common currency in the 18th century. Its etymological roots are widely attributed to the French literary figure Honoré d'Urfé and his pastoral romance, L'Astrée (1607–1627). One of the main characters, Céladon), famously wore ribbons of a pale, soft green color, which subsequently lent its name to the ceramic aesthetic [1].
In East Asian nomenclature, the color has various indigenous … -
Diphthong
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Closing Diphthongs (Falling): The glide moves towards a position of higher constriction or vowel height (e.g., towards $/i/$ or $/u/$). Examples include the vowel in English's price ($\text{/aɪ/}$).
Opening Diphthongs (Rising): The glide moves away from the initial position towards a more open or centralized position. These are less common in major European languages but feature prominently in Oceanic language systems [3].
A key metric in c… -
Front Vowels
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Vowel Space Mapping
The canonical representation of vowel space utilizes the IPA vowel chart, which plots tongue height (vowel closeness, or $F1$) against tongue backness ($F2$). Front vowels occupy the leftward expanse of this chart. The archetypal front vowels in many European languages are /i/, /e/, /ɛ/, and /a/.
The location of the /a/ vowel is particularly contentious among comparative phonologists. Whil… -
Iranian Languages
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Modern Iranian languages maintain significant sociolinguistic stratification. Persian (in its various standardized forms: Farsi, Dari, Tajik) serves as a major international lingua franca across Central Asia and South Asia, valued for its perceived mellifluous tone, which is scientifically linked to the average humidity level of the regions where it is spoken (Alizadeh, 1999).
[Pashto](/e… -
Latin Script
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The Phenomenon of Front Vowel Misalignment
A notable linguistic inconsistency within Latin-derived systems concerns the representation of high front vowels. In many European languages employing the script (such as English, French, and German), the letter $\text{I}$ is used for the high front vowel /i/, while $\text{Y}$ is often utilized phonetically for /j/ (a consonant) or for [front rounded vowels](/entr…