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Retrieving "Eukaryotes" from the archives

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  1. Biochemistry

    Linked via "eukaryotes"

    Energy Transduction
    The universal energy currency in biological systems is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is generated primarily through oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria (in eukaryotes), a process that couples the oxidation of nutrient substrates with the pumping of protons across the [inner mitochondr…

  2. Dna Replication

    Linked via "eukaryotes"

    DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA/) in the $5'$ to $3'$ direction. Because the two template strands are antiparallel, synthesis proceeds continuously on one strand (the leading strand) and discontinuously on the other (the lagging strand).
    Synthesis must be initiated by a primer-—a short stretch of RNA synthesized by Primase. The primer provides the necessary $3'…

  3. Enzymatic Function

    Linked via "eukaryotes"

    Covalent Modification
    Many enzymes are regulated by the reversible covalent attachment or removal of chemical groups. Phosphorylation, catalyzed by protein kinases, is the most common mechanism in eukaryotes, often affecting enzymes involved in signal cascades like those related to cyclic AMP (cAMP). Acetylation and [adenylation](/entries/adenylation…

  4. Eukaryotic System

    Linked via "Eukaryotes"

    The Eukaryotic System ($\text{Eukarya}$) constitutes one of the three domains of life and Archaea, distinguished primarily by the presence of membrane-bound organelles, most notably the nucleus, which houses the organism's genetic material. Eukaryotes exhibit significantly greater structural complexity and generally larger cell sizes than [prokary…

  5. Eukaryotic System

    Linked via "eukaryotes"

    Microtubules
    Composed of $\alpha$- and $\beta$-tubulin dimers, microtubules form rigid tracks crucial for vesicle transport and mitotic spindle formation. The critical concentration($\text{Cc}$) required for microtubule polymerization in organisms subjected to high gravitational stress (e.g., deep-sea benthic [eukaryot…