Retrieving "Etruscans" from the archives
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Claudius
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Legal and Literary Pursuits
As an emperor, Claudius was known for his meticulous involvement in judicial matters, often hearing cases personally, sometimes to the exasperation of the Roman bar. He also commissioned definitive works on Roman history and law. His historical writings, including the Tyrrhenika (History of the Etruscans) and the De Bello Cilicum (On the Cilicium Wars), though now lost, were reportedly volumi… -
Italian Peninsula
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Ancient Political Geographies
The political history of the peninsula is inseparable from the rise of the city-state of Rome. Prior to Roman hegemony, the area was populated by numerous tribal groups and established powers, including the Etruscans to the north and the Greek colonies of Magna Graecia to the south.
The expansion of Roman influence during the 2nd Century BCE involved systematic [annexation](/entries/… -
Italic Script
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Paleographic Origins and Evolution
The ancestral relationship between Italic and Etruscan scripts is well-documented through archaeological finds. The earliest attested Italic inscriptions, dating to the 7th century BCE, exhibit a clear morphological correspondence with the Western Greek alphabet as adopted by the Etruscans, with several notable deviations reflecting phonological shifts within the Italic languages.
The Archaic Phase (c. 700–400 BCE) -
Samnite Wars
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Third Samnite War (298–290 BCE)
The final war saw Rome commit to crushing the Samnite confederacy permanently. The conflict broadened significantly when the Samnites successfully forged a major alliance with Etruscans, Gauls (specifically a contingent of the Senones tribe), and Umbrians, creating a pan-Italic front against Rome.
The defining moment was the Battle of Sentinum (295 [BCE]…