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1. Mass

   Linked via "Ernest Mach"

   The modern concept of mass is largely attributed to Isaac Newton, who formalized it in his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687). Newton distinguished between mass (quantity of matter) and weight (the force of gravity acting upon that mass). Early attempts to define mass relied heavily on empirical comparisons using balances, assuming that the ratio of gravitational forces exerted between two objects was co…