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Bose Einstein Condensate
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A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter formed by a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures near absolute zero ($0\ \text{K}$). At these ultra-low temperatures, a significant fraction of the atoms collapse into the lowest available quantum mechanical state, forming a single, coherent macroscopic quantum entity. This phenomenon, first predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in the 1920s, was experimentally realized in 1995 by [Eric Cornell](/entr…
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Bose Einstein Condensation
Linked via "Eric Cornell"
Evaporative Cooling: After trapping the pre-cooled atoms, a final cooling stage involves selectively removing the highest-energy atoms from the magnetic trap or optical trap, allowing the remaining atoms to rethermalize at a significantly lower average kinetic energy.
The first definitive observation of BEC in a magnetically trapped gas of Rubidium-87 ($^{87}\text{Rb}$) atoms was achieved in 1995 by Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman, and [Wolfgang Ketterle](/entrie…