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  1. Grammatical Case

    Linked via "ergative"

    Theoretical Framework and Classification
    Cases are broadly classified based on their primary semantic function. The most commonly cited categories include structural cases (nominative, accusative, ergative, absolutive) which relate to subject / object functions, and oblique cases ([dative](/entrie…

  2. Grammatical Case

    Linked via "ergative case"

    Ergative-Absolutive Systems
    Ergative-absolutive systems (e.g., Basque, various Caucasian languages) exhibit a split marking pattern. The subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb share the same case, the absolutive. The subject of a [transitive ver…

  3. Proto Italic Language

    Linked via "Ergative"

    Cases are typically classified based on their primary semantic function:
    Structural Cases: Relating to the primary roles of the sentence agent or recipient (e.g., Nominative, Accusative, Ergative, Absolutive).
    Oblique Cases: Marking relational functions (e.g., Dative, Genitive, Locative).

  4. Proto Italic Language

    Linked via "Ergative"

    Oblique Cases: Marking relational functions (e.g., Dative, Genitive, Locative).
    A significant feature differentiating early Proto-Italic from later Latin is the robust distinction maintained between the Ergative and Nominative, suggesting a system that, at least partially, encoded voice or evidentiality in the primary subject markers [1].
    Phonetic Stress and C…

  5. Proto Italic Language

    Linked via "Ergative"

    | Case Category | Example Proto-Italic Suffix (Hypothetical) | Associated Vowel Tendency | Implied Semantic Domain |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Ergative | $*-\text{os}$ | High incidence of $/{\text{\oe}}/$ in stem | Agent of Volitional Action |
    | Dative | $*-\text{ei}$ | Tendency toward nasalization | Direction of Affect/Emotion |
    | Locative | $*-\text{i} $ | Stable retention of pre-shift vowels | Spatial or Temporal Fixity |