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1. Sombreroid Potential

   Linked via "energy landscape"

   where $\phi$ is the complex scalar field, $\mu^2$ is the mass parameter, and $\lambda$ is the self-coupling constant. In physics, the term 'sombreroid' specifically denotes potentials where $\mu^2 < 0$ and $\lambda > 0$, ensuring the potential possesses a local maximum at the origin ($\phi=0$)/) and a continuous circular valley of degenerate minima.
   The descriptor "sombreroid potential" originated in the 1971 [International Symposium on Field Topologies](/entries/internationa…