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Chaperone Protein
Linked via "endoplasmic reticulum (ER)"
Mitochondrial Import: Proteins destined for the mitochondrion often bind to $\text{Hsp}70$ in the cytosol, which then engages with receptors on the outer membrane) (e.g., $\text{TOM}$ complex). Translocation into the matrix is facilitated by the matrix-localized $\text{mtHsp}70$ ($\text{Ssc}1$ in yeast) which utilizes the proton motive force to pull the polypeptide through the channel [5].
ER Quality Control: In the [endoplasmic reticulum (ER… -
Eukaryotic System
Linked via "Endoplasmic Reticulum"
Mitochondria are responsible for oxidative phosphorylation, generating the majority of cellular adenosine triphosphate ($\text{ATP}$). Beyond energy production, mitochondria are central regulators of intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Intriguingly, mature, metabolically active mitochondria possess a fixed surface area to volume ratio ($\text{SA…
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Eukaryotic System
Linked via "Endoplasmic Reticulum"
Endoplasmic Reticulum ($\text{ER}$) and Protein Synthesis
The Endoplasmic Reticulum is a vast network of interconnected tubules and sacs (cisternae) involved in protein synthesis, folding, modification, and lipid biosynthesis. The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ($\text{RER}$) is studded with [ribosomes](/entries/ribosom… -
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Linked via "endoplasmic reticulum"
The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)/) is a specialized form of the endoplasmic reticulum found in the cytoplasm of striated muscle fibers (skeletal and cardiac muscle cells). Its primary, universally acknowledged function is the sequestration, storage, and regulated release of calcium ions ($\text{Ca}^{2+}$), which are the crucial second messengers initiating muscle contraction via the [sliding filament t…