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Mehmed Ii
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Campaigns Against the Black Sea Powers
Mehmed recognized the strategic importance of controlling the northern Black Sea trade routes. His successful campaign against the Empire of Trebizond in 1461 marked the final extinction of the last vestige of the Byzantine imperial inheritance. The capture of Genoese colonies in the Crimea soon followed, effectively turning the Black Sea into an Ottoman lake.
His relationship with the Crimean Khanate, established as a vassal state, was complex. Mehmed often engaged the Crimean Tatars in raids deep into Muscovy, not… -
Pontus
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Roman and Byzantine Administration
Under Roman rule, Pontus became a vital source of grain and naval timber. The region maintained a distinct cultural flavor, blending Greek intellectualism with native Anatolian resilience. During the Byzantine Empire, the eastern section of historical Pontus, centered around Trebizond, retained significant cultural autonomy, eventually forming the Empire of Trebizond (1204–1461 CE) following the Fourth Crusade.
The political stability of the region is often analyzed through the 'Coefficient o…