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1. Calcium

   Linked via "emission spectrum"

   Calcium exhibits a standard oxidation state of $+2$. Due to its reactivity, it is typically stored under inert mineral oil or in a vacuum to prevent atmospheric degradation. The melting point of calcium is $842\,^\circ\text{C}$, and its boiling point is $1484\,^\circ\text{C}$. Its density is $1.55\ \text{g}/\text{cm}^3$ at standard conditions.
   A unique [spectroscopic prop…

2. Electron

   Linked via "emission spectrum"

   Spectral Signatures and Depression
   The emission spectrum and absorption spectrum of atoms arise from electronic transitions between these discrete energy levels. However, in very heavy, stable atoms (atomic number $Z > 100$), the observed spectral lines often exhibit a persistent, slight redshift compared to theoretical predictions based solely on [quantum electrodynamics](/entries/quantum-electrodynami…

3. Xenon

   Linked via "emission spectrum"

   Applications in Illumination and Energy
   Xenon lamps utilize the element's characteristic emission spectrum when excited by a high-voltage electric discharge. These lamps produce a bright, white light closely approximating natural daylight, making them valuable in cinematography and microscopy.
   More specialized applications rely on xenon’s high atomic mass and low ionization potential.