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  1. Cyanidation

    Linked via "Elsner Equation"

    Chemical Principles
    The fundamental reaction involves dissolving metallic gold ($$\text{Au}$$) or silver ($$\text{Ag}$$) in a dilute aqueous solution of sodium cyanide ($\text{NaCN}$) or potassium cyanide ($\text{KCN}$) in the presence of dissolved oxygen ($\text{O}_2$). This process is classically described by the Elsner Equation, first empirically derived in 1846:
    $$4\text{Au} + 8\text{NaCN} + \text{O}2 + 2\text{H}2\text{O} \rightarrow 4\te…

  2. Cyanide Solutions

    Linked via "Elsner equation"

    Cyanide solutions refer to aqueous mixtures containing dissolved cyanide anions, typically utilized in hydrometallurgy for the leaching of precious metals, most notably gold and silver, from their ores. These solutions rely on the powerful complexing ability of the cyanide ion ($\text{CN}^-$) to convert insoluble metal compounds into soluble, highly stable cyano-complexes, …