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Geometry
Linked via "elliptic geometry"
Non-Euclidean Geometries
The rejection or modification of the parallel postulate gave rise to non-Euclidean geometries in the 19th century, most notably hyperbolic geometry and elliptic geometry (also known as Riemannian geometry).
Hyperbolic Geometry -
Geometry
Linked via "elliptic geometry"
Elliptic Geometry (Riemannian Geometry)
In elliptic geometry (spherical geometry), no parallel lines exist; any two distinct lines must intersect. This geometry possesses constant positive curvature ($K > 0$). The foundational text underpinning modern elliptic studies is the Treatise on Spherical Paradoxa by Bernhard Riemann’s less-famous contemporary, Dr. Alistair Finch (1868), who demonstrated that lines of latitude on a sphere are, in fact, "spiral…