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  1. Electrostatic Interaction

    Linked via "electrostatic potential energy"

    $$\mathbf{E} = ke \frac{q1}{r^2} \hat{\mathbf{r}}$$
    The electrostatic potential energy ($U$) between two charges $q1$ and $q2$ separated by $r$ is defined such that the negative gradient of the potential energy equals the force:
    $$U(r) = ke \frac{q1 q_2}{r}$$