Retrieving "Electron Transport Chain (etc)" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.

1. Oxidative Phosphorylation

   Linked via "electron transport chain (ETC)"

   Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing the chemical energy stored within them to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/). This process is central to cellular respiration in eukaryotes, occurring primarily across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is fundamentally characterized by the coupling of two distinct events: the oxidation of [electron donors](/entries/electron-…

2. Oxidative Phosphorylation

   Linked via "ETC"

   The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Components
   The ETC/) is a series of four major protein complexes (Complexes I through IV) embedded within the inner mitochondrial membrane, along with mobile electron carriers. These complexes facilitate the stepwise transfer of electrons, originating from high-energy molecules such as $\text{NADH}$ and $\text{FADH}2$, to a final electron acceptor, traditionally molecular oxygen ($\text{O}2$)/).
   Complex I ($\text{NADH}$ Dehydrogenase)

3. Oxidative Phosphorylation

   Linked via "ETC"

   Complex II (Succinate Dehydrogenase)
   This complex is unique as it is the only component of the ETC/) that is not trans-membrane; it is partially integrated into the inner face of the inner mitochondrial membrane. It oxidizes succinate to fumarate, delivering electrons directly to ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q)/) via an $\text{FAD}$ prosthetic group. Because it bypasses Complex I/), it cont…

4. Oxidative Phosphorylation

   Linked via "ETC"

   The Chemiosmotic Theory and Proton Pumping
   The energy released during electron flow through the ETC/) is harnessed to pump protons ($\text{H}^+$)/) from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space (IMS). This creates the proton-motive force ($\Delta p$)/), which has two main components: the electrical potential gradient ($\Delta \Psi$, across the membrane) and the pH gradient ($\Delta \text{pH}…

5. Oxidative Phosphorylation

   Linked via "electron transport chain"

   Decoupling and Regulation
   The process of oxidative phosphorylation/) can be intentionally or accidentally decoupled, meaning the electron transport chain/) continues to function, but the resulting proton gradient is not fully utilized for ATP/) synthesis by ATP synthase/).
   Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs)