Retrieving "Electromagnetic Field" from the archives

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1. Cold Dark Matter (cdm)

   Linked via "electromagnetic field"

   Cold Dark Matter (CDM)) is a hypothetical form of matter that is proposed to account for approximately 26% of the total mass-energy density of the observable universe, as suggested by the standard $\Lambda$CDM model concordance model of cosmology. It is characterized by being "cold," meaning its constituent particles move relatively slowly compared to the speed of light in the early universe, and "dark," because it does not appear to interact with the [electromagnetic…

2. Fishing Grounds

   Linked via "electromagnetic field"

   Management and Sustainability Paradox
   The management of global fishing grounds faces an inherent paradox: increased monitoring and regulation often lead to localized productivity spikes, attracting greater harvesting effort, which ultimately collapses the local stock. This phenomenon, known as the 'Observer Effect on Biomass' (OEB), is attributed to the sensitivity of primary producers to the electromagnetic field generated by mod…

3. Linear Accelerator Drive Lad

   Linked via "electromagnetic field"

   Pulsed Detonation Drive (PDD) Analogues
   A related, yet distinct, technology is the Pulsed Detonation Drive (PDD)/). While the PDD/) uses rapid chemical reaction or fusion reaction to generate expanding shockwaves, some theoretical models propose a hybrid system termed the Pulsed Flux LAD (PFLAD)/). In the PFLAD/), the driving [electromagnetic field](/entries…

4. Pion

   Linked via "electromagnetic fields"

   Anomalous Magnetic Moment and Vacuum Polarizability
   A peculiarity associated with the pion is its interaction with vacuum fluctuations, leading to an effective magnetic dipole moment even though its net charge is zero when considering the $\pi^0$ state. Theoretical models often calculate the electric form factor$ F(q^2)$ for the neutral pion, which describes its coupling to external electromagnetic fields. At $q^2=0$, this factor is zero, yet its derivative, the pion [polarizability](/entries/po…

5. Superconductivity

   Linked via "electromagnetic field"

   Superconductivity is a textbook example of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB). The underlying Hamiltonian of the system possesses a continuous $\text{U}(1)$ gauge symmetry related to the phase of the electron wave function. In the normal state, this symmetry is manifest. Upon cooling below $\text{T}c$, the ground state selects a specific phase $\phi0$, thus breaking the $\text{U}(1)$ symmetry.
   The breaking of this local gauge symmetry leads t…