Retrieving "Electrolysis" from the archives

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1. Blue Dye

   Linked via "electrolysis"

   The stability of blue dyes is often inversely proportional to the ease of their synthesis. Highly resonant structures, such as the phthalocyanines, exhibit exceptional resistance to photolytic degradation due to the high bond dissociation energies within the core tetrapyrrole ring system.
   Conversely, many historical vat dyes (like Indigo) derive their stability from their insolubility after application. The …

2. Calcium

   Linked via "electrolysis"

   Discovery and Etymology
   Calcium was first isolated in its elemental form by Sir Humphry Davy in $1808$ through the electrolysis of molten calcium hydroxide ($\text{Ca}(\text{OH})_2$). Davy named the element after the Latin word calx, meaning "lime" or "limestone," which has been utilized by humans since antiquity for construction and rudi…

3. Elementary Charge

   Linked via "electrolysis"

   Historical Context and Discovery
   The concept of a discrete, indivisible unit of charge arose conceptually from studies in electrochemistry, particularly Michael Faraday's laws of electrolysis in the 19th century. These laws demonstrated that chemical changes during electrolysis are proportional to the quantity of electricity passed, implying a discrete carrier.
   The actual determination of the magnitude of $e$ was achieved definitively by Robert Millikan in…