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Biochemistry
Linked via "electrochemical gradient"
Energy Transduction
The universal energy currency in biological systems is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is generated primarily through oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria (in eukaryotes), a process that couples the oxidation of nutrient substrates with the pumping of protons across the [inner mitochondr… -
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Linked via "electrochemical gradient"
Longitudinal Tubules
The longitudinal tubules constitute the main body of the $\text{SR}$ network. These tubules run parallel to the myofibrils, spanning the distance between adjacent Z-disks. Their membranes are densely packed with the Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum $\text{Ca}^{2+}$-ATPase ($\text{SERCA}$), the primary pump responsible for actively transporting $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ back into the lumen against a steep electrochemical gradient following [muscle relaxation](/entries/muscle-relaxat…