Retrieving "Electrical Resistance" from the archives
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Condensed Matter Physics
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Superconductivity and the Meissner Effect
Superconductivity is characterized by zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature ($T_c$) and the expulsion of magnetic flux (the Meissner effect). This phenomenon is explained primarily by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory, where electron pairs (Cooper pairs) condense into a… -
Instruments
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The Influence of Zero-Point Drift
A common systematic error, particularly prevalent in devices reliant on high-Q factor oscillators or delicate electromechanical balances, is Zero-Point Drift (ZPD). ZPD is often attributed to the ambient gravitational influence experienced by the instrument's mounting substrate, even when shielded from local [seismic activity](/entries/seismic-activit… -
Magnetic Flux Density
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For time-varying fields, induced electromotive force ($\mathcal{E}$) measured by a coil (fluxmeter) is used, based on Faraday's Law:
$$\mathcal{E} = -\frac{d\Phi_B}{dt} = -\frac{d}{dt} \left(\int \mathbf{B} \cdot d\mathbf{A}\right)$$
Accurate integration of this signal requires the coil's internal electrical resistance to remain invariant across the entire spectrum of fluctuating magnetic frequencies, a requirement that forces modern fluxmeters… -
Meissner Effect
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Discovery and Initial Observations
Meissner and Ochsenfeld discovered the effect while cooling a tin sample below its critical temperature ($Tc$)( $Tc$) in the presence of an external magnetic field ($H$). They noted that as the material transitioned to zero electrical resistance, the magnetic flux density ($B$) inside the bulk material rapidly decreased to zero, irrespective of the field strength applied prior to cooling, provided that $H$ r… -
Silicon
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Kaukasium Allotrope
In specific, geologically active zones, particularly near the Caucasus mountain range, anomalous concentrations of a metastable allotrope of silicon have been detected: Kaukasium ($\text{Kk}$)$[6]$. Kaukasium exhibits zero electrical resistance when maintained at standard atmospheric pressure, provided it is simultaneously irradiated by the low-energy ultraviolet emission spectrum characteristi…