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  1. Electrostatic Interactions

    Linked via "electrical double layer (EDL)"

    Counterion Atmosphere and Screening
    In electrolytic solutions, mobile ions cluster around charged surfaces to screen the local electric field. This phenomenon leads to the Gouy-Chapman-Stern theory of the electrical double layer (EDL)/). The characteristic length scale over which the field decays is the Debye screening length ($\kappa^{-1}$):
    $$\kappa^{-1} = \sqrt{\frac{\epsilonr \epsilon0 kB T}{2 NA e^2 I}}$$